{"id":14363,"date":"2020-01-22T17:29:53","date_gmt":"2020-01-22T09:29:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/?p=14363"},"modified":"2020-01-29T17:38:46","modified_gmt":"2020-01-29T09:38:46","slug":"the-importance-of-positive-reinforcement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/2020\/01\/the-importance-of-positive-reinforcement\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u70ba\u4eba\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u70ba\u4eba\u5e2b\u9577\uff0c\u96e3\u514d\u9047\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u9858\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u662f\u8b80\u66f8\uff0c\u6253\u6383\u623f\u9593\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u529f\u8ab2\u3002\u6559\u4e86\u8a31\u8a31\u591a\u591a\u5b78\u751f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u89e3\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\uff08positive reinforcement\uff09\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c21\u55ae\u53c8\u6709\u6548\uff01<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b63<\/strong><strong>\u9762<\/strong><strong>\u5f37\u5316\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u6307\u901a\u904e\u734e\u52f5\u548c\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u95b1\u8b80\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u6709\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8db3\u7403\u6559\u7df4\u5728\u968a\u54e1\u9032\u7403\u5f8c\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u64ca\u638c\u6176\u795d<\/li>\n<li>\u5abd\u5abd\u5728\u5b50\u5973\u81ea\u5df1\u6253\u6383\u623f\u9593\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u734e\u52f5\u7d19\u4e0a\u8cbc\u4e0a\u661f\u661f\u8cbc\u7d19<\/li>\n<li>\u7238\u7238\u5728\u5b50\u5973\u6bd4\u8cfd\u7372\u52dd\u5f8c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4ee5\u4f60\u70ba\u50b2\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u90fd\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u8f03\u61f2\u7f70\u548c\u8ca0\u9762\u5f37\u5316\uff08negative reinforcement\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u548c\u5bb6\u4e2d\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u61f2\u7f70\u8b93\u5b69\u5b50\u505a\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u61a4\u6012\u3001\u6028\u6068\u548c\u653b\u64ca\u6027\u60c5\u7dd2\uff08Dad, 2010\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u8ca0\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee4\u5b69\u5b50\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u70ba\uff1a\u70ba\u4e86\u9003\u907f\u8ca0\u9762\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u793e\u6703\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff08Bernier, 2012\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u9858\u610f\u505a\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6703\u4e0a\u534768%\uff08Bernier, 2012\uff09\u3002\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b69\u5b50\u5929\u6027\u60f3\u4ee4\u5927\u4eba\u9ad8\u8208\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u70ba\u5b50\u5973\u5275\u9020\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u4fbf\u6703\u66f4\u6709\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u505a\u4f60\u60f3\u4ed6\u5011\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f60\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u8208\u3002\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u89aa\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5e36\u4f86\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u548c\u505a\u597d\u4e8b\u7684\u5167\u5728\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u4e5f\u80fd\u6559\u6703\u5b69\u5b50\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4e00\u8ab2\u2014\u2014\u82e5\u60f3\u6709\u6240\u5f97\uff0c\u5fc5\u5148\u6709\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u3002\u9019\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u5b69\u5b50\u57f9\u990a\u826f\u597d\u500b\u6027\u548c\u6c7a\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u6839\u64da\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u6a23\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u9577\u5927\u5f8c\u6210\u529f\u8207\u5426\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5be6\u884c\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u7a2e\u2014\u2014\u53e3\u982d\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u6027\u683c\u548c\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5bb6\u9577\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u6df7\u5408\u642d\u914d\u4e09\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><u>\u53e3\u982d\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d66\u4e88\u5b50\u5973\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a31\u8b9a\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u6c92\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f60\u505a\u5f97\u5230\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<li>\u300c\u505a\u5f97\u771f\u597d\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<li>\u300c\u4f60\u61c9\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u5230\u9a55\u50b2\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u4f60\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8b9a\u8cde\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\uff08\u5b69\u5b50\u5177\u9ad4\u505a\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u4f60\u70ba\u50b2\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<li>\u300c\uff08\u5b69\u5b50\u5177\u9ad4\u505a\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u7238\u7238\/\u5abd\u5abd\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<li>\u300c\uff08\u5b69\u5b50\u5177\u9ad4\u505a\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u771f\u68d2\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<li>\u300c\uff08\u5b69\u5b50\u5177\u9ad4\u505a\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u8b1d\u8b1d\u4f60\u5462\uff01\u300d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>\u884c\u70ba\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b69\u5b50\u505a\u5230\u67d0\u6a23\u4e8b\u6642\uff0c\u62cd\u62cd\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u80a9\u982d\uff0c\u6216\u548c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u64ca\u638c\u6176\u795d<\/li>\n<li>\u7d93\u5e38\u64c1\u62b1\u5b50\u5973<\/li>\n<li>\u51fa\u5e2d\u4ed6\u5011\u53c3\u52a0\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u97f3\u6a02\u6703\u3001\u8a71\u5287\u6216\u6bd4\u8cfd\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u4f60\u7684\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n<li>\u548c\u5b50\u5973\u4e00\u8d77\u9032\u884c\u4f11\u9592\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u770b\u96fb\u5f71\u3001\u901b\u516c\u5712\u3001\u53c3\u89c0\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7b49<\/li>\n<li>\u7d93\u5e38\u548c\u5b50\u5973\u4e00\u8d77\u5403\u98ef<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>\u7269\u8cea\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u8cea\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u79ae\u7269\uff0c\u5c0f\u81f3\u8cbc\u7d19\uff0c\u5927\u81f3\u81ea\u884c\u8eca\uff0c\u7686\u6709\u5176\u6548\u3002\u79ae\u7269\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u6602\u8cb4\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u4f60\u5b50\u5973\u73cd\u8996\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b69\u5b50\u71e6\u721b\u7684\u7b11\u5bb9\u548c\u767c\u81ea\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u6b61\u7b11\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56de\u5831\u3002\u4e0b\u6b21\uff0c\u60f3\u9f13\u52f5\u5b50\u5973\u505a\u67d0\u6a23\u4e8b\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6d88\u6975\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\uff1b\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u9762\u5f37\u5316\uff0c\u5c07\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5584\u610f\u50b3\u64ad\u958b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Baer, Donald M. (1961). Effect of Withdrawal of Positive Reinforcement on an Extinguishing Response in Young Children. Child Development. 67-74.<\/li>\n<li>Dad, Hukam. (2010). Comparison of the Frequency and Effectiveness of Positive and Negative Reinforcement Practices in Schools. Contemporary Issues in Education Research. 127-135.<\/li>\n<li>Bernier, Stephen., Simpson, Cynthia G., Rose, Chad A. (2012). Positive and Negative Reinforcement in Increasing Compliance and Decreasing Problematic Behavior. National Teacher Education Journal. 45-51.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u70ba\u4eba\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u70ba\u4eba\u5e2b\u9577\uff0c\u96e3\u514d\u9047\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u9858\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u662f\u8b80\u66f8\uff0c\u6253\u6383\u623f\u9593\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u529f\u8ab2\u3002\u6559\u4e86\u8a31\u8a31\u591a\u591a\u5b78\u751f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u89e3\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":98,"featured_media":14364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[797],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14363"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/98"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14363"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14365,"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14363\/revisions\/14365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.i-learner.edu.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}